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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Libya (2003)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Libya (2003)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Libya (2003)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsLibya
Administrative divisions - 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure - 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)


15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports - 136 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 58


over 3,047 m: 23


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 22


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 78


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 39


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 1,759,540 sq km


land: 1,759,540 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly larger than Alaska
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate - 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $13.7 billion


expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital - Tripoli
Climate tropical Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 74.1 km 1,770 km
Constitution - 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya


conventional short form: Libya


local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma


local short form: none
Currency - Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate - 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $4.4 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international none Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
Economic aid - recipient - $15 million (2000)
Economy - overview no economic activity The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming.
Electricity - consumption - 18.77 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 20.18 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m


highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues NA desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups - Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates - Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999)
Executive branch - chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state


head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)


cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress


elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)


election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999)
Exports - partners - Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 9%


industry: 45%


services: 46% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways - total: 83,200 km


paved: 47,590 km


unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999)
Imports - partners - Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002)
Independence - 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate - total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) 4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court
Labor force - 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 4,348 km


border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)		 arable land: 1.03%


permanent crops: 0.17%


other: 98.8% (1998 est.)
Languages - Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 76.07 years


male: 73.91 years


female: 78.34 years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.6%


male: 92.4%


female: 72% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 territorial sea: 12 NM


note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine - total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT


ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.3 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.9% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 61,511 (2003 est.)
National holiday - Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality - noun: Libyan(s)


adjective: Libyan
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources fish petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines - condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)		 5,499,074


note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.39% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations - AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system - general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996


domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use - 500,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 20,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations - 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate - 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 30% (2001)
Waterways none none
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